A licensed counselor challenged Colorado’s prohibition on counseling intended to change a minor client’s sexual orientation or gender identity, insofar as the law applied to voluntary talk therapy. The Supreme Court held that the restriction regulates speech according to its communicative content and viewpoint rather than merely regulating professional conduct. The State may regulate professional practice and protect minors, but it may not avoid ordinary First Amendment scrutiny simply because speech occurs in a licensed counseling relationship. The judgment was vacated and the case remanded for application of strict scrutiny to the challenged speech restriction.