Marcus Bernard Williams was convicted of capital murder in Alabama in 1996 and sentenced to death. After an evidentiary hearing, the federal district court granted habeas relief because trial counsel had failed to investigate and present substantial penalty-phase mitigation evidence, and the State appealed. The Eleventh Circuit affirmed, holding that counsel's deficient investigation and presentation created a reasonable probability of a different sentence under Strickland. Judge Grant dissented, agreeing that counsel performed deficiently but concluding that the mitigation evidence did not establish prejudice.