A jury found that Rimini Street infringed Oracle copyrights, and the district court awarded Oracle litigation expenses including millions of dollars for expert witnesses, electronic discovery, and jury consulting. The Ninth Circuit affirmed by reading the Copyright Act’s authorization of “full costs” to include expenses beyond the categories listed in the general federal costs statutes. The Supreme Court reversed in relevant part. The term “full costs” means the complete measure of the costs otherwise available under the governing costs statutes; it does not itself authorize expenses outside those statutory categories. Congress may provide additional litigation expenses, but it must do so expressly. The Copyright Act did not authorize the extra expenses awarded here, and arguments based on history or avoiding statutory surplusage did not overcome the text and precedent. The Court remanded for further proceedings consistent with that interpretation.