Pine Hill sued 3M over PFAS contamination of its water supply, alleging harm from PFAS products used at nearby paper mills. 3M said it made military-grade aqueous film-forming foam under federal specifications and removed the state case under the federal-officer statute. The district court remanded, viewing the claims as unrelated to 3M’s military work. The Eleventh Circuit held that 3M’s removal allegations, taken on its theory of the case, sufficiently connected its federally directed manufacturing to the contamination claims. It vacated the remand order and sent the case back to federal district court to continue; it did not decide liability for the contamination.