Individuals and States challenged an executive order directing federal agencies not to recognize United States citizenship for certain children born in this country when their parents were unlawfully or temporarily present. A district court entered preliminary relief, and the court of appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court held that the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment confers citizenship at birth on children born in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction, including the children covered by the order. The historical meaning of the Clause, the Court’s precedents, and the settled understanding of territorial birthright citizenship foreclosed the Executive’s narrower interpretation. The judgment preserving preliminary relief was affirmed.