Frederick Wroten, proceeding without counsel, used § 1983 to attack the validity of his state convictions and sentences, arguing that the courts and prosecutors lacked jurisdiction. The Eleventh Circuit applied Heck v. Humphrey: because success on the constitutional claims would necessarily invalidate the convictions, and Wroten had not shown that they had already been reversed or otherwise set aside, the civil action was an impermissible collateral attack. The court affirmed dismissal.