The Ysleta del Sur Pueblo challenged Texas enforcement of state gaming restrictions on the tribe’s reservation. Congress had granted the Pueblo federal trust status while prohibiting gaming activities barred by Texas law and directing Texas to proceed in federal court rather than enforce its laws directly on the reservation. The Supreme Court held that the federal statute incorporated Texas gaming law and authorized federal enforcement of those restrictions. The Court rejected the argument that the statute permitted only state-law gaming prohibitions that were criminal rather than civil or regulatory. It reversed the Fifth Circuit and remanded for further proceedings concerning the federal action. Justice Gorsuch, joined by Justice Sotomayor, dissented, arguing that the majority disrupted the statutory balance between tribal autonomy, federal responsibility, and Texas’s role.